中文题目：风险管理视域下的知识产权海关保护问题研究
中文摘要：
随着经济全球化趋势的进一步深入，知识产权在经济和社会生活中的地位得到历史性提升，知识产权保护已经成为当前各国经济发展进程中的热点问题。特别是在从上个世纪九十年代到现在的最近20年里，知识产权保护已经受到各国的高度重视并上升为国家战略或政策法律的高度，并在推动各国实体经济的发展，推动全球贸易稳定健康增长方面发挥了重要作用。但是，在利益的驱使下下，侵害知识产权之风越刮越烈。根据世界海关组织的数据，目前全世界基于知识产权侵权所带来的损失约为每年1000到1200亿美元，侵权货物贸易的总量约占同期世界贸易总量的５－８％。在对外贸易中产生的进出口侵犯知识产权货物的违法现象，严重影响了国际贸易秩序的健康发展；大大挫伤了人们的创新动力；与此同时，也加剧了部分国家的贫困和经济的下行趋势；当然，侵权产品对与人们身体健康和安全造成所带来的损害更是难以估量的。所以，作为边境执法部门的海关，其在保护知识产权保护方面的作用也愈显重要。
中国海关自1994年9月1日开始承担知识产权保护工作以来，经过十余年的艰苦努力和不断探索，知识产权执法已经成为我国海关的一项日益重要的职责并日臻完善。当前，中国海关继续按照党中央、国务院关于“建设创新型国家、加快转变经济发展方式”的目标任务及《国家知识产权战略纲要》战略要求，认真履行职能，进一步加大知识产权海关保护工作力度，提高执法能力和执法水平，积极参与国际合作，努力发挥海关在国家知识产权保护体系中的重要作用，有力打击进出口侵权货物的违法活动，维护公平规范的对外贸易秩序，取得了积极的成效。然而，由于不法分子走私手法的不断翻新、海关人员编制依然十分紧张、国际舆论压力的不断增大等因素的影响，知识产权保护面临的形势依然不容乐观。
为了做好知识产权保护工作，诸如美国、荷兰、日本等发达国家海关纷纷尝试将风险管理的思想引入此项工作并取得了显著成效。我国海关虽然在本世纪初就开始尝试引入风险管理理念，而且经过十余年的发展已初显成效，但其应用范围上还主要局限于涉税的传统职能领域，对于知识产权保护这样的非传统职能领域，还尚未开始应用风险管理手段。风险管理手段是否适用于我国的海关知识产权保护工作？如果适用将如何推进实施？这是本文所要重点解决的两个问题。
本文在对风险管理等理论研究的基础上，分析海关知识产权保护方面的现状与存在的不足，确立适合海关有效进行知识产权保护的方法——风险管理。由于知识产权保护作为海关非传统职能，其与征税、缉私等海关传统职能在很多方面还存在差异，本文将根据其特殊性设计适合于知识产权保护的风险管理工作机制。文章通过对风险管理适用条件的分析，结合我国海关的具体情况，分析风险管理在我国海关知识产权保护工作中的可行性。在此基础上，通过确立管理流程、优化运行机制、建立指标体系,力求构建出一套行之有效的风险管理工作机制。
英文题目：（暂无）
英文摘要：
With the accelerated development of world trade integration, the status of intellectual property rights has been historically promoted in both the economic and social life. Therefore, the protection of intellectual property rights has become a hot issue which attracted much attention in the international trade. During the recent 20 years, being the basic law system and the important policy instruments to promote the technological innovation, the protection system of intellectual property rights has played a very important role in revitalizing the economy and enhancing the international competitiveness in various countries. However, in the great temptation, infringement of intellectual property rights has been increasing seriously. According to incomplete statistics, the global loss caused by the infringement of intellectual property rights is about $ 100 to $ 120 billion per year, accounting for 5-8% of the world's total trade. The Infringement of intellectual property rights in international trade, import and export, has affected the normal trade between the countries in the world and damaged the enthusiasm for innovation. Thus, it will reduce employment and increase poverty. What concerns us most is the tremendous threat to the consumers’ safety and health caused by the counterfeit products. Therefore, the customs have played increasingly important role in border enforcement of intellectual property rights protection.
Chinese Customs committed to intellectual property rights protection since September 1, 1994. After more than ten years of hard work and continually exploring, the enforcement of protection of intellectual property rights has become an increasingly important duty of Chinese Customs, which is also being perfected. At present, with the objective of “building an innovative country and speeding up the transformation of economic development” set by the Central Committee of CCP and the State Council and the strategic requirements of the "National Intellectual Property Strategy Outline”, Chinese customs conscientiously carry out their functions to further strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights by improving enforcement and actively participating in international cooperation and strive to play more important role in the national overall intellectual property rights protection system. They also effectively fight with the illegal activities of import and export of infringing goods and maintain a fair and standardized order of foreign trade, and achieved positive results. However, the criminals continuously renew their smuggling practices while the customs staffing is still very tense and the pressure of international public opinion is also increasing. Therefore, the situation of the protection of intellectual property rights is still not optimistic.
In order to improving the protection of intellectual property rights, customs in the United States, the Netherlands, Japan and other developed countries have tried to introduce the idea of risk management in this work and has achieved remarkable success. Although Chinese Customs tried to introduce the concept of risk management since the beginning of this century, and achieved significant result, its scope of application is limited to the traditional functional areas of Tax. In the non-traditional functional area such as the protection of intellectual property rights, the risk management method has not yet been applied. This paper is to focus on whether the risk management methods are applicable to the protection of intellectual property rights in Chinese Customs and If applicable, the way to implement the methods.
Based on the theoretical studies of the risk management, this paper is to analyze the situation and shortcoming of the protection of intellectual property rights in Chinese customs and establish the effective method to protect the intellectual property rights Risk Management. The protection of intellectual property rights is the non-traditional function of customs, which is different from the traditional functions of taxation, anti-smuggling. In line of this, this paper will designed a risk management mechanism according to the specificity of the protection of intellectual property rights. By analyzing the applicable conditions for risk management and basing on the real situation of the protection of intellectual property rights in Chinese Customs, this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of risk management in protection of intellectual property rights and with this basis, by establishing management processes, optimizing the operating mechanism and building an index system, it will strive to build a set of effective risk management mechanism in protection of intellectual property rights.
